Exercise – The Product Life Cycle (PLC)

Colorado Ricardo Mountain Bikes was founded by Ricardo Francisco, a keen off-road cyclist who grew frustrated with bikes breaking down under the strain of the Colorado mountains. After years of trial and error, he built a bike tough enough to survive the terrain and named it the “Colorado Ricardo”. Word spread quickly among local riders, and Ricardo gave up his day job to build and sell bikes full-time from a small workshop outside Denver.

The business grew quickly in its early years, reaching a peak of around 10,000 bikes sold annually. Sales have fallen for three years running since then, and this year’s forecast is under half that peak. Ricardo still has a loyal following among serious off-road riders in Colorado, spare capacity in his factory, healthy cash reserves, and a strong “hand-built in Colorado” brand story – but almost no presence outside the state, and no products beyond the original off-road mountain bike. Meanwhile, demand for gravel bikes and e-mountain bikes has grown steadily across the wider cycling market.

Sales of Colorado Ricardo’s original hand-built mountain bike have fallen for three consecutive years, and this year’s forecast sits at under half the company’s peak volume. Ricardo suspects the bike has moved into a new stage of its life cycle, but his sales manager thinks it just needs a fresh advertising push. You have been asked to settle the question using the product life cycle model, and to recommend what stage-appropriate action Colorado Ricardo should actually take.

Your task
Identify which stage of the product life cycle the original Colorado Ricardo bike has most likely entered, using the sales trend as evidence. Explain one marketing action typically recommended at that stage, and explain why simply “spending more on advertising” is unlikely to reverse a genuine life-cycle decline on its own.

Product life cycle curve showing introduction, growth, maturity and decline

When you are ready, check your answer here: Answer – The Product Life Cycle (PLC).